THE MOVEMENT FOR CONVENING THE INDOCHINESE CONGRESS IN 1936
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THE MOVEMENT FOR CONVENING THE INDOCHINESE CONGRESS IN 1936
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S0131-28120000619-5-1
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Article
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Pages
159-172
Abstract
This article is the first attempt in Russian historiography to study the movement for convening the Indochinese Congress, that took place in 1936-1937, and according to historians of Socialist Republic of Vietnam, was comparable to revolutionary upsurge of the early 1930s. The article provides an overview of the Congress movement emergence, the social forces involved, the reaction of the metropolitan and colonial government. Special attention is paid to causes and consequences of its defeat.
Keywords
THE MOVEMENT FOR CONVENING THE INDOCHINESE CONGRESS, CONSTITUTIONAL PARTY, PEOPLE"S FRONT IN FRANCE
Date of publication
01.05.2010
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voshel takzhe trotskist Khyuin' Van Fyong, byvshij uchastnik gruppy ‘‘Lya Lyutt’’, ue
khavshij v Khanoj dlya prodolzheniya yuridicheskogo obrazovaniya. Odnako dominiruyu
schee polozhenie v gazete, vypustivshej pervyj nomer v sentyabre 1936 g., zanimali
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13. Tsit. po: Nguyen An Tinh. Nguyen An Ninh. Tr. 50.
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Ninh. Tr. 348 349.
16. Pervonachal'no v sostav komiteta dejstviya gruppy ‘‘Lya Lyutt’’ voshli sotrudniki ga
zety trotskisty Chan Van Tkhat', Kho Khyu Tyong, Fan Van Khum, kommunist Nguen Van
Nguen i levyj radikal Nguen An Nin'.
17. Vi Dai Hoi Dong Duong // Nguyen An Tinh. Nguyen An Ninh. Tr. 349.
18. Cook M. E. The Constitutionalist party in Cochinchina: the years of decline, 1930 — 1942.
R. 80.
19. Hemery D. Or. sit. P. 300; Duiker W. J. The rise of nationalism in Vietnam, 1900 — 1945.
Ithaca, New York. 1976. P. 244; Nguyen An Tinh. Nguyen An Ninh. Tr. 50. 10 avgusta odin
iz liderov konstitutsionalistov Nguen Fan Long zayavil, chto on sozval pervuyu vstre
chu po povodu Indokitajskogo kongressa, poskol'ku ehto byla ego prerogativa kak zame
stitelya predsedatelya Kolonial'nogo soveta Kokhinkhiny (Cook M. E. The Constitution
alist party in Cochinchina: the years of decline, 1930  1942. P. 80).
20. Duoc Nha Nam. 1936. 13 avg. // Nguyen An Tinh. Nguyen An Ninh Tr. 350.
21. Predstaviteli intelligentsii: Nguen Van Tao (kommunist), Chan Van Tkhat' (trotskist),
Nguen Fan Long, Le Kuang Liem, Nguen Van Sham, Chan Van Kkha (konstitutsionalisty);
pressy: Kho Khyu Tyong (trotskist), Zh.B. Dong (konstitutsionalist), Nguen An Nin',
Buj Tkhe Mi (levye radikaly); rabochikh: Dao Khyng Long, Ta Tkhu Tkhau (trotskisty),
Chin' Khyng Ngau (levyj radikal); krest'yan: Nguen Van Chan, Chan Van Khien, Vo
Kong Ton (kommunisty); zhenschin: Nguen Tkhi Lyu, Maj Khuin' Khoa, Nguen Tkhi Nam
(kommunisty).
22. Nguyen Van Tao, Tran Van Thach, Nguyen An Ninh, Ho Huu Tuong, Ta Thu Thau. Thai do
cua chung toi la ro rang // Nguyen An Tinh. Nguyen An Ninh. Tr. 355 — 356.
23. Hemery D. Op. cit. P. 300.
24. Gruppa ‘‘Lya Lyutt’’ prizyvala k sozdaniyu komitetov dejstvij po mestu raboty. ‘‘Osno
va samoj krepkoj organizatsii (komitetov dejstviya  I.U.)  ehto rabochie mesta, t.e.
fabriki, plantatsii, firmy, gosuchrezhdeniya’’,  govorilos' v broshyure, izdannoj
‘‘Lya Lyutt’’. (Nguyen Van Nguyen. Cach lam trong mot uy ban hanh dong // Nguyen Van
Tao. Cho duoc thuc hien Dong Duong Dai Hoi. Saigon. 1936. Tr. 25. Sm. Takzhe: Ta Thu
Thau. Thao an ve cuoc co dong cho Dong Duong Dai Hoi // Nguyen Van Tao. Cho duoc thuc
hien Dong Duong Dai Hoi. Tr. 44.).
25. Nguyen Van Nguyen. Cach lam trong mot uy ban hanh dong. Tr. 25 — 29.
26. Ta Thu Thau. Thao an ve cuoc co dong cho Dong Duong Dai Hoi. Tr. 44—47.
27. Thong cao ngay 2031937 // Van kien Dang toan tap. T. 6. Tr. 215.
28. Dang cong san Dong Duong va Dong Duong Dai Hoi // Van kien Dang toan tap. T. 6. Tr.
99  100.
29. Agir. 1936. 6 sent.
30. Hemery D. Op. cit. R. 316. Odnako ne vse trotskisty byli soglasny s ehtim mneniem. V
sentyabre 1936 g. odin iz uchastnikov gruppy ‘‘Lya Lyutt’’ Kho Khyu Tyong, blizkij k v'et
namskomu podpol'nomu dvizheniyu IV Internatsionala, pristupil k izdaniyu pervogo
v'etnamskogo legal'nogo trotskistskogo ezhenedel'nika na frantsuzskom yazyke  ‘‘Le
Militant’’. Na stranitsakh ehtoj gazety, gde v bol'shinstve svoem publikovalis' raboty
L.D. Trotskogo ehtogo vremeni, v chastnosti, posvyaschennye kritike Narodnogo fronta vo
Frantsii, Kho Khyu Tyong rezko oblichal sotrudnichestvo s konstitutsionalistami v
dvizhenii za Indokitajskij kongress, prizyvaya massy ne doveryat' burzhuazii; on takzhe kritikoval storonnikov IV Internatsionala iz ‘‘Lya Lyutt’’ za to, chto oni, pod
derzhivaya al'yans s natsionalreformistami, priblizhayutsya k ‘‘klassovomu sotrudni
chestvu’’. ‘‘Le Militant’’ izdal v 1936 g. tol'ko chetyre nomera s 1 po 22 sentyabrya. Fran
tsuzskij issledovatel' D.Ehmeri zaklyuchaet, chto ehta pozitsiya predpolagala ‘‘dvojnuyu
neobkhodimost' zaklyuchit' prakticheskoe soglashenie s v'etnamskoj krupnoj burzhua
ziej i sokhranyat' klassovuyu bor'bu’’, takim obrazom, ehto bylo ‘‘ponimanie edinogo
fronta kak takticheskogo al'yansa i odnovremennoj bor'by’’ (Hemery D. Op. cit. P. 287).
31. Hemery D. Op. cit. P. 315—316.
32. Dang cong san Dong Duong va Dong Duong Dai Hoi // Van kien Dang toan tap. T. 6. Tr.
102 — 103; Dong Duong Dai Hoi/ Van kien Dang toan tap. T. 6. Tr. 111.
33. Ta Thu Thau. Thai an ve cuoc co dong cho Dong Duong Dai Hoi. Tr. 45.
34. Hemery D.Op. cit. P. 319.
35. Huynh Kim Khanh. Vietnamese communism. 1925  1945. Ithaca, New York. 1982. P. 214.
36. Podrobnee o dvizhenii za sozyv Indokitajskogo Kongressa v Anname i Tonkine sm.
Pham Hong Tung. Die Politisierung der Massen in Vietnam: 1925—1939. S. 335—336;
Pham Hong Tung. Lich su cuoc van dong vi cac quyen dan sinh, dan chu o Viet Nam
(1936—1939). Ha Noi, 2008. Tr. 70 — 73; Cao Van Bien. Giai cap cong nhan Viet Nam thoi
ky 1936 — 1939. Ha Noi, 1979. Tr. 159 — 164; Hemery D. Op. cit. P. 321 — 322.
37. Tsit. po: Huynh Kim Khanh. Vietnamese communism. 1925 — 1945. P. 214.
38. Hemery D. Op. cit. P. 322—323; Nguyen An Tinh. Nguyen An Ninh. Tr. 53; Sud Chonchirdson. The Indochinese Congress. P. 342.
39. Agir. 1936. 1 noyab.
40. Popytka sozvat' ryadom deyatelej Konstitutsionnoj partii sobstvennogo varianta
Kongressa, Konsul'tativnoj assamblei delegatov po predostavleniyu spiskov pozhela
nij Ministru kolonij, provalilas'. (Cook. M. E. Op. cit. P. 85; Pham Hong Tung. Lich
su cuoc van dong vi cac quyen dan sinh, dan chu o Viet Nam (1936 — 1939). Tr. 7677).
41. Vo vremennom komitete ostalsya ryad predstavitelej Konstitutsionnoj partii vo glave
s ostavshimsya v odinochestve deputatom Kolonial'nogo soveta Nguen Fan Longom.
42. Cook. M. E. The Constitutionalist party in Cochinchina: the years of decline, 1930 — 1942.
P. 83 — 84.
43. Ngueyn An Tinh. Nguyen An Ninh. Tr. 53.
44. Agir. 1936. 20 sent.
45. Hemery D. Op. cit. P. 326.
46. U sil, vkhodyaschikh v dvizhenie za sozyv Indokitajskogo kongressa, ostavalis' esche il
lyuzii otnositel'no togo, chto repressii provodyatsya vsledstvie neosvedomlennosti
ministra kolonij o real'nom polozhenii del v Indokitae i obmana kolonial'noj ad
ministratsii i promyshlennykh krugov pravitel'stva metropolii. ‘‘Notabli i pred
staviteli vlasti dolzhny byli predvidet' konets khoroshikh vremen dlya nikh. Predpri
nimateli takzhe pochuvstvovali ugrozu tsarstvu ehkspluatatsii v otsutstvii ej sopro
tivleniya… I te i drugie, pryamo ili kosvenno, trebuyut u pravitel'stva… polozhit'
konets ehtomu ‘‘myatezhu’’ Kabiana. Pravitel'stvo poddaetsya i perekhodit k dejstviyam,
prepyatstvuya funktsionirovaniyu komitetov dejstviya’’,  pisal Ta Tkhu Tkhau pered
arestami liderov gruppy (Agir. 1936. 20 sent.). Spustya mesyats naivnost' polnost'yu ne
rasseyalas'. ‘‘Ili Marius Muteh obmanyvaet indokitajskie narody zayavleniyami, ko
torym on ne schitaet nuzhnym davat' kakoelibo prodolzhenie. Ehto budet bespretse
dentnaya izmena demokraticheskogo pravitel'stva… ili on zhertva sistematiches
koj lozhnoj, lzhivoj, naduvatel'skoj, obmanyvayuschej informatsii vysshikh dolzh
nostnykh lits kolonii i ikh soobschnikov s ulitsy Udino (na ehtoj ulitse v stolitse
Frantsii nakhodilos' Ministerstvo kolonij  I.U.) i delovykh krugov Parizha’’, 
otmechala 29 oktyabrya ‘‘Lya Lyutt’’ (Tsit. po: Hemery D.Op. sit. P. 330). V nachale oktyabrya
mestnaya sektsiya Ligi po pravam cheloveka, sotsialisty, radikaly i drugie levye sily
Kokhinkhiny otpravili dve telegrammy v Parizh, svidetel'stvuyuschie ob otsutstvii v
kolonii besporyadkov.
47. Sud Chonchirdson. The Indochinese Congress. P. 344345.
48. Khotya Marius Muteh i rassmatrival sozdanie komitetov dejstviya kak ‘‘popytku Kom
partii organizovat' ehti gruppy na boj’’ (Hemery D.Op. cit.R. 331).
49. Sm. vystuplenie Mariusa Muteh v parlamente v seredine sentyabrya 1936 g. v Pham Hong
Tung. Lich su cuoc van dong vi cac quyen dan sinh, dan chu o Viet Nam (1936 — 1939). Tr.
74; Ngueyn An Tinh. Nguyen An Ninh. Tr. 53.
50. Hemery D.Op. cit. P. 331.
51. Brocheux P.; Hemery D. Indochine: la colonization ambigue. Paris, 1995. P. 321. Podrobnee
o kolonial'noj politike Narodnogo fronta sm. Hemery D. Op. sit. P. 301303;
306 313.
52. Ta Tkhu Tkhau obraschalsya v odnoj iz statej s prizyvom k predstavitelyam Narodnogo
fronta: “Esli vy, kak i my, schitaete, chto bez komitetov dejstviya net spaseniya dlya
nashikh ehkspluatiruemykh mass. Esli vy schitaete, chto bez nikh ministr [kolonij] polno
st'yu spravitsya s soprotivleniem sobstvennikov i ne smozhet osuschestvit' nikakikh
reform. Esli vy schitaete, chto bez komitetov dejstviya, to est' bez vospitaniya i per
vichnoj organizatsii mass, reformy, kotorye budut darovany, vopreki ozhidaniyam ne
budut primeneny sobstvennikami i derevenskimi vel'mozhami, khorosho vooruzhenny
mi dlya togo, chtoby obojti zakon… Podderzhite nas v Indokitae protiv sil sotsial'no
go okhraneniya, kotorye ugrozhayut [unichtozhit'] komitety dejstviya  edinstvennoe
sredstvo vypravit' klassovyj balans i osuschestvit' nekotorye umerennye izmene
niya v Indokitae’’ (Agir. 1936. 20 sent.).
53. Tsit. po: Hemery D. Op. cit. P. 312.
54. Quinn-Judge S. Ph.D. Nguyen Ai Quoc, the Comintern, and the Vietnamese communist
movement. 1919  1941. London, 2001. P. 212.
55. Sm., napr.: Ognetov I.A. Komintern i revolyutsionnoe dvizhenie vo V'etname // Komin
tern i Vostok. Bor'ba za leninskuyu strategiyu i taktiku v natsional'noosvoboditel'
nom dvizhenii. M., 1969. Str. 442; Mkhitaryan S. A., Mkhitaryan T.T. V'etnamskaya revo
lyutsiya. Voprosy teorii i praktiki. M. 1986. Str. 96; Probuzhdenie ugnetennykh. Natsio
nal'noosvoboditel'noe dvizhenie v Azii i Afrike. M. 1968. Str. 400; Rogovin V.Z.
Mirovaya revolyutsiya i mirovaya vojna. M., 1998. Str. 322.
56. Hemery D. Ta Thu Thau: l’itineraire politique d’un revolutionnaire vietnamien pendant
les annees 1930 // Histoire de l’Asie du SudEst: revoltes, reformes, revolutions. Lille.
P. 215.

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